Data Sources

How we use each kind of source

• Primary sources are regulator pages, code provisions, laws and official orders. Rules are quoted from these.
• Secondary sources are law firm summaries. We use them to report court decisions or commencement dates we could not read in an official text, and we label them on each page.
• Support services are listed on the safer gambling page.

Every source below was read on October 28, 2026. How we check them is described in our research methodology.

The register

Great Britain

• Gambling Commission, LCCP Condition 5.1.12 - Direct marketing preferences, no date shown. Primary source.
• Gambling Commission, LCCP Condition 5.1.11 - Direct electronic marketing consent, no date shown. Primary source.
• Gambling Commission, Summary: improving customer choice on direct marketing (Summer 2023 consultation response), last updated August 1, 2025. Primary source.
• Gambling Commission, LCCP 3.5.3 Self-exclusion - remote SR code, no date shown. Primary source.
• Gambling Commission, Ensuring self-excluded customers do not receive your marketing materials, last updated April 13, 2022. Primary source.
• Gambling Commission, Customer interaction guidance for remote gambling licensees (Formal guidance under SR Code 3.4.3), Section C: Act, last updated August 23, 2023. Primary source.
• GamCare, What support do we provide?, no date shown. Support service.
• GAMSTOP, GAMSTOP, no date shown. Support service.
• Gambling Commission, LCCP 3.5.5 Remote multi-operator self-exclusion SR code, no date shown. Primary source.

United Kingdom

• Information Commissioner's Office, How do we comply with the PECR electronic mail marketing rules?, page dated October 2, 2026. Primary source.
• Information Commissioner's Office, Right to object, page dated March 25, 2025 (under review after the Data (Use and Access) Act). Primary source.
• Information Commissioner's Office, What is valid consent?, page dated August 4, 2026 (under review after the Data (Use and Access) Act). Primary source.
• Information Commissioner's Office, Principle (c): Data minimisation, page dated September 9, 2025. Primary source.
• Clifford Chance, Key aspects of the Data (Use and Access) Act take effect, February 6, 2026. Secondary source, used only where a primary text could not be read or to date a change.
• legislation.gov.uk, The Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (Commencement No. 6 and Transitional and Saving Provisions) Regulations 2026 (SI 2026/82), made January 29, 2026. Primary source.

United States

• Federal Trade Commission, CAN-SPAM Act: A Compliance Guide for Business, published August 9, 2023, edited January 2024. Primary source.
• Kelley Drye, Eleventh Circuit Vacates TCPA 1:1 Consent Rule, January 25, 2025. Secondary source, used only where a primary text could not be read or to date a change.
• Federal Communications Commission, Order DA 25-312, CG Docket No. 02-278 (limited waiver of the consent revocation rule), April 7, 2025. Primary source.
• National Council on Problem Gambling, National Council on Problem Gambling Adopts 1-800-MY-RESET as New National Problem Gambling Helpline Number, January 29, 2026. Support service.
• Federal Communications Commission, Order DA 25-621 (repeal of the revised section 64.1200(f)(9)), adopted and released July 14, 2025. Primary source.
• Federal Communications Commission, Order DA 26-12, CG Docket No. 02-278 (effective date of section 64.1200(a)(10)), adopted and released January 6, 2026. Primary source.

United States (Pennsylvania)

• Pennsylvania Gaming Control Board, iGaming Self-Exclusion (Responsible Play), modified May 8, 2026. Primary source.

Canada

• Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission, Canada's Anti-Spam Legislation (CASL) Guidance on Implied Consent, no date shown. Primary source.
• Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission, Frequently Asked Questions about Canada's Anti-Spam Legislation, no date shown. Primary source.

Canada (Ontario)

• Alcohol and Gaming Commission of Ontario, Registrar's Standards for Internet Gaming, marketing and self-exclusion sections updated May 14, 2026. Primary source.
• Alcohol and Gaming Commission of Ontario, Safer gambling, no date shown. Primary source.
• Alcohol and Gaming Commission of Ontario, Self-exclusion and breaks in play, updated May 14, 2026. Primary source.
• Alcohol and Gaming Commission of Ontario, AGCO's centralized self-exclusion standards are now in effect, May 14, 2026. Primary source.

Australia

• Australian Communications and Media Authority, Avoid sending spam, no date shown. Primary source.
• Australian Communications and Media Authority, FAQs for wagering providers: BetStop, the National Self-Exclusion Register, no date shown. Primary source.
• Australian Communications and Media Authority, Four betting services breach gambling self-exclusion rules (MR 15/2025), June 2025. Primary source.
• Department of Social Services, Gambling reforms, no date shown. Primary source.
• Victorian Gambling and Casino Control Commission, National Consumer Protection Framework, updated June 12, 2026. Primary source.
• Gambling Help Online, Gambling Help Online, no date shown. Support service.
• BetStop, BetStop, the National Self-Exclusion Register, no date shown. Support service.
• Federal Register of Legislation, Spam Act 2003 (compilation C2016C00614), compilation dated March 10, 2016. Primary source.

Sources we do not use

Vendor marketing material, unattributed statistics, operator press releases presented as evidence and paid placements.